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His Holiness the 14th the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso, is the head of state and spiritual leader of the Tibetan people. He was born Lhamo Dhondrub on 6 July 1935, in a small village called Taktser in northeastern Tibet. Born to a peasant family, His Holiness was recognized at the age of two, in accordance with Tibetan tradition, as the reincarnation of his predecessor the 13th Dalai Lama, and thus an incarnation Avalokitesvara, the Buddha of Compassion. The Dalai Lamas are the manifestations of the Bodhisattva (Buddha) of Compassion, who chose to reincarnate to serve the people. Lhamo Dhondrub was, as Dalai Lama, renamed Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso - Holy Lord, Gentle Glory, Compassionate, Defender of the Faith, Ocean of Wisdom. Tibetans normally refer to His Holiness as Yeshe Norbu, the Wishfulfilling Gem or simply Kundun - The Presence. The enthronement ceremony took place on February 22, 1940 in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.
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In 1937, Venerable Lobsang Tenzin was born to an average farmer-couple of the Sesha clan at Yara village in the Dechen District in Eastern Tibet, located southeast of the Yagra Tsem monastery. At the age of 9 he joined the Tsem monastery where he received his primary and basic education. Thereafter, along-with many companions, he treaded on foot for several months to Lhasa to join the Drepung Loseling Monastic University for his higher education. There he had lessons on various subjects from reputed spiritual masters like Venerable Khensur Pema Gyaltsen, Shakor Khen Rinpoche Nyima Gyaltsen, Kyabje Denma Lochoe Rinpoche, Tehor Gen Lobsang Dhondup, just to name a few. He also had the great opportunity to attend many invaluable teachings of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and his two supreme tutors.
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Venerable Khensur Dhakpa Tritul Rinpoche, a former Abbot of Sera Me Monastic University, is the recognized reincarnation of 49th Gaden Tripa Lobsang Dhargye Rinpoche, who was the head of the Geluk tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Shelo Dolma gave birth to Ven. Dhakpa Rinpoche in 1926 in Kongpo in southern Tibet. When he was five years old he was recognized as the reincarnation of the 49th Gaden Tripa by His Holiness the 13th Dalai Lama. Soon after his recognition he was sent to Lhasa for his enthronement, accompanied by his parents and his assistants from his previous lifetime.
He then returned to his personal Monastery Dhakpa Namdol Ling in Meldro Gungkar, north of Lhasa, where he took his novice vows and started memorizing his first prayers. When Dhakpa Rinpoche was ten years old he went to Sera Mey Monastic College and spent sixteen years studying Buddhist philosophy. When he was 26 years old he was able to sit for his Geshe examination successfully, and received the highest level attainable, that of Lharampa Geshe. In 1952 Rinpoche joined the Gyuto Tantric Monastery and spent seven years studying all the Tantric rituals receiving the Ngagrampa Degree in Tantric Studies. In 1959 when the Chinese communists took over Tibet, Dhakpa Rinpoche, fled to India.
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Venerable Khensur Lobsang Dorjee Rinpoche, a former Abbot of Gyuto Monastery, was born in the 1930s, in the year of the Fire Cow, in the southwest region of Markham Tsakha (Eastern Tibet), to a family living in Martsang Ri. His father's name was Gompo Tsepel, and his mothers was Tselha. When he was seven years of age he began to learn to read and write, and learned without difficulty. In 1954, the year of the Wood Stallion, he came to Central Tibet, the roof of the world and central hub of Dharma study, enrolled in Loseling college of Drepung monastery, and received novice monk's vows from Gyepa Khensur Rinpoche [the former abbot of Loseling]. With several different spiritual guides, such as Sharcho Tara Rinpoche and the former abbot of Loseling, Khensur Yeshe Thubten, he studied and practiced all the subjects of the monastic curriculum, from Introductory Logic (Du-ra) up to the Perfection of Wisdom (Prajñaparamita).
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Venerable Khensur Rinpoche Lobsang Jampa (known as Geshe Trinley Topgye) was born in 1937 in Nyaktren, a sector of Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. In 1947 at the age of 10, he gained admission to Sera Mey Monastery of the Sera Mahayana Monastic University near Lhasa – one of the three major seats of highest Buddhist studies.
In 1952, he received his novice monk vows from the late Minyag Tondues Rinpoche, the 95th throne holder of Gelugpa tradition in Tibetan Buddhism. In 1959, he received the complete Bhikshu vows – the highest level of ordination – from the late Yongzin Ling Rinpoche, the 97th throne holder of Gelugpa tradition and also senior tutor to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. Khensur Rinpoche studied in Tibet until 1959 when he fled to India.
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